Anumail accessing super

A classic topic in object-oriented programming!

In many programming languages, including Java, C#, and C++, there is a concept called "accessing a superclass" or "accessing a parent class" from a subclass. This is also known as "inheriting" or "extending" the superclass.

When a subclass inherits from a superclass, it can access the members (methods and variables) of the superclass, including the constructor, fields, and methods. This is because the subclass is a specialization of the superclass, and it can use the common attributes and behaviors of the superclass.

Here are some key points to consider when accessing a superclass:

1. Inheritance: The subclass inherits the members of the superclass, including the constructor, fields, and methods.
2. Access modifiers: The access modifiers of the superclass members (public, private, protected, etc.) are respected by the subclass. For example, if a superclass method is declared as private, it cannot be accessed directly from the subclass.
3. Method overriding: When a subclass overrides a method of the superclass, it can access the original method using the super keyword.
4. Method calling: When a subclass calls a method of the superclass, it can use the super keyword to access the method.

Here is an example in Java:

public class Animal {
    public void sound() {
        System.out.println("The animal makes a sound.");
    }
}

public class Dog extends Animal {
    public void sound() {
        super.sound(); // Accessing the superclass method
        System.out.println("The dog barks.");
    }
}

In this example, the Dog class extends the Animal class and overrides the sound() method. The Dog class can access the original sound() method of the Animal class using the super keyword.

Similarly, in C#:

public class Animal {
    public virtual void Sound() {
        Console.WriteLine("The animal makes a sound.");
    }
}

public class Dog : Animal {
    public override void Sound() {
        base.Sound(); // Accessing the superclass method
        Console.WriteLine("The dog barks.");
    }
}

And in C++:

class Animal {
public:
    void sound() {
        std::cout << "The animal makes a sound." << std::endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void sound() {
        Animal::sound(); // Accessing the superclass method
        std::cout << "The dog barks." << std::endl;
    }
};

In all these examples, the subclass can access the members of the superclass using the super keyword or the base keyword, depending on the language.