How to define mail class and child class using python

In Python, you can define a class and its child class using inheritance. Here's an example:

# Define the parent class (Mail)
class Mail:
    def __init__(self, subject, body):
        self.subject = subject
        self.body = body

    def send(self):
        print("Sending mail...")

# Define the child class (Email)
class Email(Mail):
    def __init__(self, subject, body, recipient):
        super().__init__(subject, body)  # Call the parent class's __init__ method
        self.recipient = recipient

    def send(self):
        print("Sending email to", self.recipient)

# Create an instance of the child class
email = Email("Hello", "This is a test email", "[email protected]")

# Call the send method on the child class instance
email.send()  # Output: Sending email to [email protected]

In this example:

• The Mail class is the parent class, which defines the common attributes and methods for all types of mail.
• The Email class is the child class, which inherits from the Mail class using the (Mail) syntax.
• The Email class overrides the send method to provide its own implementation, which is specific to emails.
• The Email class also adds a new attribute recipient that is specific to emails.
• When we create an instance of the Email class, we can call the send method, which will use the overridden implementation from the child class.

Note that the super() function is used to call the parent class's __init__ method from the child class's __init__ method. This is necessary to ensure that the parent class's attributes are initialized correctly.

You can also define multiple child classes that inherit from the same parent class, and each child class can override different methods or add new attributes specific to its own type of mail. For example:

class Letter(Mail):
    def __init__(self, subject, body, sender):
        super().__init__(subject, body)
        self.sender = sender

    def send(self):
        print("Sending letter to", self.sender)

letter = Letter("Dear John", "This is a test letter", "Jane Doe")
letter.send()  # Output: Sending letter to Jane Doe