Ss khedive ismaily
A fascinating topic!
Sultan Said Pasha, also known as Khedive Ismail Pasha, was the ruler of Egypt from 1863 to 1879. He was a member of the Muhammad Ali dynasty, which had ruled Egypt since 1805.
Khedive Ismail was born in 1830 and was the son of Ibrahim Pasha, the viceroy of Egypt. He was educated in Europe and was known for his modernizing reforms and his efforts to Westernize Egypt.
During his reign, Khedive Ismail implemented many significant reforms, including:
- Modernization of the Egyptian army: He introduced European-style military training and equipment, which helped to modernize the Egyptian army.
- Development of infrastructure: He built roads, bridges, and canals, and expanded the port of Alexandria.
- Education and healthcare: He established schools, hospitals, and universities, and encouraged the establishment of modern medical and scientific institutions.
- Economic development: He encouraged foreign investment and trade, and established the Egyptian Stock Exchange.
- Irrigation and agriculture: He built dams and canals to improve irrigation and increase agricultural production.
Khedive Ismail was also known for his lavish spending and his love of luxury. He built many grand buildings, including the Khedivial Opera House in Cairo, and was known for his extravagant parties and celebrations.
However, his reign was also marked by controversy and conflict. He faced opposition from the British and French, who were concerned about his modernizing reforms and his increasing independence from European influence. He also faced opposition from the Egyptian people, who were concerned about the growing debt and the increasing influence of foreign powers in Egypt.
In 1879, Khedive Ismail was deposed by the British and replaced by his son, Tewfik Pasha. He died in 1895 in Istanbul, Turkey.
Overall, Khedive Ismail was a complex and fascinating figure who played an important role in the modernization of Egypt and the development of the Middle East.